Seat belts
Do you use your seat belt on every ride? Buckling up on every ride is the single most important thing a family can do to stay safe in the car. Here are a few tips to make buckling up a part of every car ride.
Hard Facts about Not Wearing Seat Belts More than half of teens (ages 13-19) and adults (ages 20-44) who died in crashes in 2015 were not wearing a seat belt. (NHTSA)
Top Tips about Wearing Seat Belts

1. Don’t be in a hurry to move your child out of the belt positioning booster seat. The adult seat belt usually does not fit well until sometime between the ages of 8 and 12, depending on the size of your child.
2. Find out if your child is ready for the seat belt alone by doing the Safety Belt Fit Test:
   • Check knees and feet. Your child’s knees should bend at the edge of the seat when her back and bottom are against the vehicle seat back. Her feet should touch the floor for comfort and stability.
   • Check the lap belt. The vehicle lap belt must fit snugly across the hips or upper thighs.
   • Check the shoulder belt. The shoulder belt must fit across the shoulder and chest, NOT across the face or neck.
3. If your child doesn’t pass the test, keep him in a booster seat until he does.
4. Remember, just because the seat belt fits your child in one car doesn’t mean the seat belt will fit in all cars. Do the Seat Belt Fit Test in every car before permanently moving from the booster seat to seat belt alone.
5. Be a good example. We know that when adults wear seat belts, kids wear seat belts. So be a good example and buckle up for every ride. Be sure everyone in the vehicle buckles up, too.

Learn More
Learn more about other areas of safety in and around cars, including car seat safety and booster seat safety; how to protect your kids from heatstroke in cars; driveway safety; how to avoid getting trapped in the trunk; and how to prepare teens and preteens for driving before they get behind the wheel.  

​The National Weather Service along with Nebraska Emergency Management and the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Division have declared March 26 through March 30 as Severe Weather Awareness Week.  
Knowing when severe weather is possible will give you time to prepare!
You can always find the latest forecasts and hazardous weather conditions at weather.gov. If you’re not on your computer, you can access the same information via your mobile device at https://mobile.weather.gov. Wireless Emergency Alerts are life saving messages that will pop up on your mobile phone when you are in a geographic area that is under a Warning. Visit www.weather.gov/wirelessalerts for more information!
Each day during Severe Weather Awareness Week…the National Weather Service in Omaha will cover severe weather topics and have this information available on our webpage as well as on NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards.
Topics which will be covered include…
Monday...Severe Weather Terminology
Tuesday...Thunderstorms
Wednesday...Tornadoes
Thursday...Lightning
Friday...Flooding
Saturday...How to Report Severe Weather
The National Weather Service will conduct a Tornado Drill on WEDNESDAY, March 28th, at 10 a.m. with the TEST Tornado Warning drill at 1015 a.m. CDT. Please note the data change!  The purpose of this drill is to ensure that Nebraskans and Iowans can adequately receive a Tornado Warning and can practice any actions that would be taken in the event of a real tornado. The test warning will be sent through all communication channels normally used for severe weather dissemination.

​Driving at night can be challenging, and many drivers don’t realize they must adjust their daytime driving styles. Read on for some common roadway risks and how to mitigate them.
1. Nocturnal animals, especially deer. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimates that there are more than 1.5 million deer-vehicle collisions each year.
What you can do:

• Watch for animal eyes shining along the road
• Remain alert in areas where deer are likely, especially if you see road signs that indicate animals are in the area
• Be cautious when deer are on the move (between late October and early December in most areas, and generally early in the morning and early evening)
• Schedule out-of-town meetings to avoid prime deer movement times, especially if you’ll be driving through a rural or wooded area to get to your destination

2. Your vehicle’s features. Darkness can amplify problems with your vehicle’s lights, windows and mirrors.
What you can do:

• If you drive a vehicle without automatic lights, get in the habit of driving with your lights on
• Check headlights’ aim, alignment and cleanliness to make sure you can see the road and other drivers can see you
• Keep lights inside the vehicle off to avoid distracting the driver
• Keep a microfiber cloth or old newspapers to clean the inside of your windows
• Clean and adjust exterior mirrors before you begin driving and again after each stop or driver change
• Adjust the inside rear-view mirror for nighttime driving by flipping the tab at the bottom

3. Daylight saving time. Many experts suggest that when we “fall back” in October or November, drivers are at greater risk for accidents as it darkens. However, research conducted at the University of Colorado showed that the springtime shift is even more deadly, with the first six days of daylight saving time resulting in hundreds of deaths.
What you can do:

• Drive with extreme caution during the first few days of daylight saving time, both in the spring and in the fall, postponing any long-haul trips if possible
• Ensure you are getting enough sleep

4. Body rhythms. Even night owls are sleepier and less alert after dark. Highway hypnosis caused by the darkness and the lights from oncoming cars can lead to accidents at night.
What you can do:

• Pull off the road if you catch yourself dozing off
• Keep the vehicle on the cool side
• Listen to music, and turn it up a bit louder than normal
• Take frequent breaks, as moving around can help perk you up
• Keep your eyes intent and your brain alert by watching your surroundings as closely as possible

Remember that the driving dangers you face during the daytime are still present and often more dangerous after dark. These include:

• Driving too fast for conditions
• Tailgating
• Distracted driving
• Wet or icy conditions, especially black ice, which is difficult to see even in the daytime

            PVC cement (glue) and primer is used to soften pipes and weld pieces of plumbing together. Polyvinyl chloride secures pieces of pipe quickly in a process called solvent welding. First the primer is applied and then the cement to join the pipes. Although the glue dries quickly and forms a strong bond, it can be hazardous to your health if it comes in contact with skin or is inhaled.
            PVC glue or cement can and will cause damage to your lungs if inhaled too often. When using this glue, do not directly inhale.  Ways to help keep PVC glue away from your face include wearing a mask when dealing with this material.  One can also keep cans and containers in a specific location labeled to remind the one using it that it is not to be taken lightly.
            Another danger that PVC glue has a reputation of is eye contact.  According to ”eHow, the Hazards of PVC glue and Primer,” if this material comes in contact with your eyes it can cause burning, stinging, severe watering and inflamed conjunctiva (http://www.ehow.com/list_7635699_hazards-pvc-glue-primer.html).  To prevent eye contact with this glue or cement, wear eye goggles when working with PVC materials to avoid injury to the eyes. If somehow you have contact with the glue, rinse your eyes for five minutes (or longer, if necessary) with a constant stream of water.  According to OSHA.gov, a company must have an eye wash station for situations such as this.  Providing a wash station will ensure the best possible treatment for any PVC glue contact.  When a wash station is not available, like at a job site, use bottles of water continuously for at least five minutes.  (https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=24886 ). 
            Learning how to safely use PVC glue or cement is key to a safe installation and work environment.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQF_XDISuSw is a link to a video that shows how to properly use PVC glue. 

Agri-City Insurance is Farm Certified and we are committed to protecting the farmers and ranchers in our communities.  You can count on us for all of your agricultural insurance needs both now and in the future.

Whether you're hosting a Super Bowl party for 50 or greeting the New Year with a few friends, if you're planning to serve alcohol at your home take steps to limit your liquor liability and make sure you have the proper insurance.

Social host liability is the legal term for the criminal and civil responsibility of a person who furnishes liquor to a guest. Social host liability can have serious consequences for party throwers.

Social host liability law
Also known as “Dram Shop Liability,” social host liability laws vary widely from state to state, but 43 states have them on the books. Most of these laws also offer an injured person, such as the victim of a drunk driver, a method to sue the person who served the alcohol. There are circumstances under these laws where criminal charges may also apply.

While a social host is not liable for injuries sustained by a drunken guest (as the guest is also negligent), the host can be held liable for harm to third parties, and even for passengers of the guest who have been injured in their car.

Social host liability—insurance considerations
Homeowners insurance usually provides some liquor liability coverage, but limits are typically $100,000 to $300,000, which, depending on your assets, might not be enough. Before planning a party in your home, speak to your insurance professional to review your homeowners coverage for any exclusions, conditions or limitations your policy might have that would affect your social liability risk.
​
Protect yourself and your guestsRemember that a good host is a responsible host. If you plan to serve alcohol at a party, promote safe alcohol consumption and take these steps to reduce your social host liability exposure:

• Make sure you understand your state laws. These laws vary widely from state to state (see final chart). Some states do not impose any liability on social hosts. Others limit liability to injuries that occur on the host’s premises. Some extend the host’s liability to injuries that occur anywhere a guest who has consumed alcohol goes. Many states have laws that pertain specifically to furnishing alcohol to minors.
• Consider venues other than your home for the party. Hosting your party at a restaurant or bar with a liquor license, rather than at your home, will help minimize liquor liability risks. 
• Hire a professional bartender. Most bartenders are trained to recognize signs of intoxication and are better able to limit consumption by partygoers.
• Encourage guests to pick a designated driver who will refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages so that he or she can drive other guests home. 
• Limit your own alcohol intake as a responsible host/hostess, so that you will be better able to judge your guests’ sobriety. 
• Offer non-alcoholic beverages and always serve food. Eating and drinking plenty of water, or other non-alcoholic beverages, can help counter the effects of alcohol. 
• Do not pressure guests to drink or rush to refill their glasses when empty. And never serve alcohol to guests who are visibly intoxicated. 
• Stop serving liquor toward the end of the evening. Switch to coffee, tea and soft drinks. 
• If guests drink too much or seem too tired to drive home, call a cab, arrange a ride with a sober guest or have them sleep at your home. 
• Encourage all your guests to wear seatbelts as they drive home. Studies show that seatbelts save lives.

Courtesy: Insurance Institute Information

Ryan Batenhorst

It’s that time of year again and winter is knocking at our door. It is important to remember to bundle up if you plan on working out in the cold this winter. As an employer it is also a good idea on very cold days to schedule periodic times to come inside and warm up if possible. Cold weather is no joke and should not be taken lightly.  People have lost toes and fingers due to working in in the cold for long.
Hypothermia occurs when the core temperature of your body falls below the normal level. If your body becomes too cold, your organs stop functioning properly. If left unrecognized in the early stages, hypothermia can eventually result in death. Symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, chattering teeth, confusion, slurred speech, lack of coordination and eventually unconsciousness. Frostbite is when your flesh actually freezes. It can occur even without the symptoms of hypothermia. Your extremities, such as your ears, feet, fingers and cheeks, are prone to frostbite in extremely cold weather. Symptoms of frostbite are quite different from hypothermia. The exposed skin will first appear reddish, and then a greyish-white color. You’ve probably seen on movies where mountain climbers have been rescued and their noses or fingers are jet black. It is because the skin has died.
So it is very important to remember to remember to plan the day before and find all of your winter weather gear such as hats, gloves, insulated boots, coveralls etc. It’s also important to keep in mind, 0 degrees Fahrenheit and a wind speed of 15 mph creates a wind chill temperature of -19 degrees Fahrenheit. Under these conditions frost bite can occur in just 30 minutes. If you have become too cold here is what you are to do
-Get into a warm room as soon as possible.
-Unless absolutely necessary, do not walk on frostbitten feet or toes—this increases the damage.
-Immerse the affected area in warm—not hot—water (the temperature should be comfortable to the touch for unaffected parts of the body).
-Or, warm the affected area using body heat. For example, the heat of an armpit can be used to warm frostbitten fingers.
-Do not rub the frostbitten area with snow or massage it at all. This can cause more damage.
-Don’t use a heating pad, heat lamp, or the heat of a stove, fireplace, or radiator for warming. Affected areas are numb and can be easily burned.
 
                All in All, cold weather is nothing to be taking soft, many people have died and also lost feeling in their extremities from working in cold weather. Remember to pack as many winter clothes the night before, you can always take layers off, but you can put layers on.  As an employer as remember to schedule breaks to warm up on extremely cold days.  Stay Safe, Stay Warm!
 

THE SAFETY HAZARDS OF BELLY DUMP TRAILERS
Kristina Goldman
 
 
Belly dump trailers are used for transporting certain materials from places like sand and gravel pits and asphalt plants to job sites or other sand and gravel pits. These materials are usually sand, gravel, dirt, rock and asphalt. But, you have to be careful when cleaning them. 

Belly dump trailers have their gates on the underside of the trailer. These gates open to unload the trailer. The gates are controlled by air. There are open and close buttons and an on/off switch in the cab of the semi. There are open and close buttons on the trailer as well. In order for any of these buttons to work, the switch in the cab of a semi needs to be on. and air in the tank needs to be full. Hitchcox, A. 1999, April 1. Air Valve Commands Bottom-dump Trailer. And here is a video showing how to unload asphalt from the back of a belly dump trailer from the outside buttons.  YouTube, 2011, June 5. Dumping Asphalt.

The trailer needs to be checked for safety issues before use. The doors and the rest of the trailer needs to be greased. The air lines need to be checked for leaks and they need to make sure the connections are good going to the cab so that the air can build in the tanks. Once the air is built, you can turn the switch on in the cab and open the gates to see that they are working properly, assuming that the trailer is empty.
With belly dump trailers, there is the possibility that the gates can shut without warning. There can be times when a person is standing inside these gates for spraying, maintenance, or to clean. Before he stands inside these gates, all safety bars have to be in place. He then needs to disconnect the power and release the air. He is now safe to properly enter the inside of the trailer.

There have been injuries and fatalities with belly dump gates. There was an OSHA investigated accident in 2008 that resulted in a fatality. This was found in OSHA’s website as a publication dated 12/09/2008. This employee was cleaning dirt on the inside of his trailer when the gates suddenly shut and he was then crushed. This fatality happened due to not following procedures for entering and cleaning the trailer. He did not lock the gates in the open position like he should have. To sum it all up, knowledge of safety procedures of any equipment should be followed.
 

Trench Safety: Retaining Walls
Background Information
            Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous operations in the construction industry. In fact, cave-ins pose the greatest risk among excavation-related incidents that result in employee fatalities. For this reason, it is important that employers only allow their employees to enter a trench with necessary safe guards in place.
Retaining walls
            Any excavation or trench that is greater than 5 feet deep must use a cave-in protection system. Cave-ins can be prevented with the use of retaining walls. Retaining walls are built to retain or support the lateral or horizontal pressure caused by the soil. Retaining walls can be constructed concrete, steel, or other approved materials. Supporting the sides of the excavation and shielding the work area from the excavation can be done with a simple protective design or a more complex design, depending on the employer’s needs. Even though the employer has some influence on the design of retaining walls, the wall must meet or exceed OSHA specifications. These specifications can vary based on different environmental factors.
            There are many factors that can influence the protective system design. For example, traffic, soil classification, moisture, weather, overhead and underground utilities, and the proximity and physical condition of nearby structures can all affect the design of a retaining wall. Another important factor in the design process is proper use and installation. The structural members of the support system must be securely fastened to prevent unwanted movement or failure.
 
 
Sources:
http://www.blslawyers.com/retaining-wall-and-trench-collapses.html
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2226.pdf
http://www2.iccsafe.org/states/Florida2001/FL_Building1/PDFs/Chapter%2018_Foundations%20and%20Retaining%20Walls.pdf

Drywall Stilt Safety
 
 
When drywalling using drywall stilts can be very helpful. They can be adjusted to help you reach higher ceilings, walls, ceiling corners and etc. When the stilts have been raised higher they can be a bit harder to keep your balance. Make sure you are able to walk safely on however high you have made your drywall stilts. If you are unable to walk safely talk to your boss or coworkers to see what other way you can get the job done.
 
Before getting on your drywall stilts make sure the work area is cleaned and everything is ready for you to walk on the stilts. Make sure all open areas in the floor are covered and there are no slippery surfaces. If you need a light to help you see the drywall better make sure you put it on an elevated surface before getting on your stilts, so you do not have to get off of the drywall stilts to pick it up. Make sure all extension cords are picked up off the floor so there are no trip hazards.
 
OSHA does not plan on banning use of drywall stilts, but do stress that where standard guardrails are used to protect employees working near an edge, the height of the guardrails may have to be raised if stilts are to be used.
 
When using drywall stilts there are some do’s and do not’s. They also have a load limit on them so make sure to check the limit before use.
 
Do’s…

• Inspect stilts thoroughly before use, making sure that the stilts are free from damage and hazards, that there is no excessive wear at the connection points, and that all bolts are tight. Special attention should be given to the entire strut tube assemblies and wing bolts in this respect.
• Walk only on suitable hard surface which is level.
• Fasten the upper leg strap first when putting on stilts.
• Disconnect upper leg straps last when removing stilts.
• Replace any damaged or excessively worn stilt components before use.
• Remove stilts to adjust them unless assisted by another person.
• Remove stilts when moving up and down stairs.
• Cover any floor openings.
• Get help when retrieving objects from the floor. If no one is around remove them completely.
• Keep all straps tightly fastened and secured.
• Take short steps, making sure that the stilts are raised well clear of the floor with each step.
• Adjust stilts whenever necessary to ensure it is safe.
• Always watch where you are walking.
   
   
   
  Do not’s…
   
• Wear stilts without having the proper instruction.
• Wear stilts that are uncomfortable or not adjusted properly.
• Wear stilts without having first inspected them for obvious hazards.
• Wear stilts that have clearly been misused damaged or modified.
• Walk on slippery surfaces.
• Work around uncovered floor openings, stairwells, etc.
• Carry heavy loads while walking on stilts.
• Run or walk fast on stilts.
• Pick up objects which are lower than foot level.
• Wear stilts that are taller than necessary.
• Lean over desks, files, boxes, or other objects while on stilts.
• Be irresponsible on stilts.
• Take steps so large that the action springs fall out.This can cause serious Injury.
• Modify this product in anyway.
• Walk on secondary scaffolding, benches, planks etc.
   
   
   
   
   
  https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=19094
   
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Szj_zyEPRg8
   
  http://www.findarticleonline.com/drywall-stilts-what-you-must-know.html
  

Backup Alarm Safety
Overview
            Beep, beep, beep! Do you recognize that sound? It’s a sound of a forklift on a job site backing up. Many forklifts today are installed with an alarm to alert nearby employees that the forklift is backing up. Too often an employee working in the area will be backed over by the forklift because the operator was unaware of the employee in the danger area, and the employee was unaware of the forklift operator backing up. There were 194 fatalities caused by back over vehicle accidents between 2005 and 2010. Alternative methods to alarms are using spotters and workstation isolation for forklifts, but these methods are very costly and inefficient to the company. OSHA does not require forklifts to have a backup alarm system installed in the forklift. Although, OSHA does strongly encourage the use of a backup alarm on forklifts, and many manufacturers have been installing backup alarms in more of their forklift products.
            Alarm systems have been proven to prevent back over accidents, but there is still controversy on the subject. Some manufacturers and companies believe that backup alarms on forklifts do not make them safer. They claim that excessive noise exposure to the backup alarms cause the operator annoyance, fatigue, and hearing loss. The operator starts to assume employees clear the area of travel when the alarm goes off instead of looking in the direction of travel. The employees working in the same area with the forklifts become used to the alarm and start ignoring the sound putting them at risk.  
Regulations
            OSHA regulations for general industry under electric power generation, transmission, and distribution 29 CFR 1910.269(p)(1)(ii) says that a motor vehicles or earthmoving or compacting equipment with an obstructed rear view must have a reverse signal alarm audible above the surrounding noise level, or the vehicle should have a spotter to safely signal the vehicle to move backwards. Other, OSHA standards do not specifically require powered industrial trucks, for example a forklift, to have backup alarm systems installed for when the vehicle is moving backwards. Although, in OSHA standards for the maritime industry 29 CFR 1917.43(c)(5) and 29 CFR 1917.65(f)(1) it says that removing the manufacturer’s safety devices from industrial vehicle is prohibited. These safety devices would include back alarms.
Research
            There is a lot of research being done on backup alarms. Most of the research focuses on the sound level of the backup alarm. Research has been done to measure the sound level needed in different situations. Each job site is different and creates a different level of sound. The backup alarm needs to be heard by employees around the forklift but does not necessarily need to be heard by everyone on the job site. The alarm must be about 10dBA higher than the ambient sound level around the forklift at the job site. They also focus on the direction the sound moves. The sound waves only need to move in the direction the forklift is going to move. Manufacturers have been researching technology to allow the sound level of the backup alarms to be self-adjusting. The alarm will be able to sense the ambient noise in the area and adjust the volume of the alarm according to the noise level of the area. There has also been research into a backup alarm system that only goes off if there is an employee nearby. It will be able to sense if someone is in the danger the zone.
Here are a couple videos on backup safety and forklift safety:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o0T9G40Ehc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdDu59cFUjM
 
Sources:
https://www.osha.gov/doc/topics/backover/regulation.html
https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2003/09/Getting-the-Most-Out-of-Forklift-Alarms.aspx

Skid Loader Safety Training
            Skid steer loaders can be dangerous if you do not observe certain safety precautions. Injuries and death are preventable. The most commonly reported causes of serious injury and death using skid steer loaders are: crushed by moving parts and rollover accidents. Never leave the operator’s station when the engine is running or the lift arms are raised. When operated improperly, skid steer loaders can overturn, especially handling heavy loads or operating on uneven ground.
Safe work habits are important. Here are three actions you can take to be safe on the job site.
1. Learn all you can.  To prevent accidents with skid steer loaders, read and follow directions in the equipment operator’s manual. Pay attention to safety instructions in the manual and to warning labels you see on the equipment. If you have questions, stop and ask your supervisor before you continue.
2. Concentrate on working safely.  Sometimes you may be tempted to take risky shortcuts. Remember that an accident can leave you permanently injured or cut your life short. For your safety and the safety of those around you, do not take unnecessary risks. No deadline is so pressing you can’t take the time to do your work safely.
3. Additional Precautions.  Do not operate machinery if you are tired or have taken drugs or alcohol. If you are on medication, discuss with your doctor or pharmacist if you are capable of safely operating machinery.
Neither OSHA or ANSI have released a set of skid loader specific standards or rules. Since skid loaders are able to accept forks then they do not fall under OSHA’s standards for earth moving vehicles.
https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy09/sh-19503-09/skid_steer_loader_safety.pdf
http://hardhattraining.com/skid-steer-safety-training/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1n4415Dp1g

What are the proper ways to handle lead based paint?
 
Lead paint is very hazardous, especially for young kids. It can cause nervous system damage, stunted growth, kidney damage, and delayed development. It is dangerous to children because it tastes sweet, and can encourage children to put these lead based paint chips and toys in their mouths. Lead paint can also be dangerous to adults, and can cause reproductive problems in men and women. Lead is considered to be a carcinogen, high levels may result in death.
 
Regulations?
 
The EPA signed a new regulation called Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) regarding the renovation of residential housing and child-occupied buildings built before 1978. The rule became effective April 22, 2010. Under the rule, contractors performing renovation, repair and/or painting projects that disturb lead based coatings in child-occupied facilities built before 1978 must be certified and must follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination.
 
Lead Paint Removal Options?
 
If you have lead-based paint, you have several options for removal. Although some states allow you to do the work yourself, a contractor who is certified in lead paint removal is trained to do the job safely and will determine the best abatement strategy. Here are some options you can discuss with your contractor.
 
First we have encapsulation, which is typically the least complicated and most affordable method. Encapsulation involves brushing or rolling on a specially made paint coating. Doing so creates a watertight bond and seals in the lead based paint. However, opening and closing your doors and windows eventually may wear off the coating.

A guest blog from Wayne State College Student Ryan Messerschmidt

Lifting and the welfare of the Body
 
General information
Is the welfare of your body important to you? If so you need to be aware and use proper techniques when lifting heavy objects. Almost every jobsite today will have work done by carrying objects from one point to another. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has stated that overexertion was the nation’s leading event or exposure leading to an injury or illness in the workplace, also BLS has stated that the back was the leading body part affected. Although no strategy has completely eliminated back injuries, a significant percentage could be minimized by incorporating a training program along with an ergonomics analysis.

Regulatory Information
 The body is a very important to keep healthy when in this line of work. Lifting heavy items is one of the leading causes of injury in the workplace, overexertion and strain were the major factors in these injuries. According to OSHA “When employees use smart lifting practices and work in their "power zone," they are less likely to suffer from back sprains, muscle pulls, wrist injuries, elbow injuries, spinal injuries, and other injuries caused by lifting heavy objects.”

There are many possible solutions according to www.OSHA.gov that can be used to prevent someone from having these types of injuries occur to their body while in certain situations including awkward positions, holding materials for a long period of time, and outside conditions. Locate materials in a central area where machine-driven lifts such as forklifts, pallet jacks, and trucks can be used. Try to transport smaller products to the site where you limit weight you lift to no more than 50 pounds, but in the case where lifting loads heavier than 50 pounds, use two or more people to help lift the load.

When lifting these are some steps to follow according to grainger.com.
1. Stand close to the load with your feet spread shoulder width apart. One foot should be slightly in front of the other for balance.
2. Squat down, bending at the knees (not your waist). Tuck your chin while keeping your back as vertical as possible.
3. Get a firm grasp of the object before beginning the lift.
4. Slowly begin straightening your legs, lifting slowly. Never twist your body during this step.
5. Once the lift is complete, keep the object as close to the body as possible. If the load’s center of gravity moves away from your body, there is a dramatic increase in stress to the lumbar region of the back.
 
Safety Training Materials /Videos          
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zss9jRW4oWw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=901uQgfiuVk

Sources                               
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electricalcontractors/materials/heavy.html
https://www.grainger.com/content/qt-proper-lifting-techniques-221
http://ergo-plus.com/wp-content/uploads/WA-Handout-Proper-Lifting-Techniques.pdf
 
 

A Guest post by Wayne State Student: Samuel Dalton
Wait, that’s my truck!!!!

General Information:
A wheel chock, this simple item that is often overlooked. Nearly every commercial vehicle has a wheel chock designed for it, and though it might not be the best tool it is the most common and one of the least expensive. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set guidelines for the use of wheel chocks when loading and unloading vehicle, but OSHA only has jurisdiction over all intrastate motor vehicles. Commercial vehicles in general fall under the jurisdiction of The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA).

Regulations:

OSHA:              In its simplest form CFR 1910.178(k)(1) states that wheel chocks must be placed under the rear wheels of a trailer to keep the vehicle from rolling while being boarded with industrial trucks to off load materials and merchandise. Now CFR 1910.178(m)(7) much like the other standard sited states wheel chocks must be placed in a manner to prevent rolling properly but the brakes should also be engaged and before loading anything onto a vehicle the flooring should be checked for weakness and any breaks.

FMCSA:               The FMCSA rules are different than OSHA’s when it comes to requiring wheel chocks. CFR 393.41 states in its simplest form that air-braked power units (made on or before March of 1975) are enough to keep a commercial motor vehicles from moving during the loading and unloading process. The FMCSA does however require wheel chocks for all agricultural commodity trailers, plywood trailers, and heavy haulers.

Sample Procedure/Policy

• Make sure you have chocks that are specifically designed for the type of vehicle you are driving, especially paying attention to size.
• Never use a make-shift chock. (rocks, pieces of lumber, or bricks)
• Make sure to keep sets of chocks in the truck or trailer, do not rely on the docking facilities to always have them.
• When the vehicle arrives at its destination set the brakes, and if at a docking facility activate the locking mechanism included on the dock. Engage the chocks on both the left and right wheels that are closest to the loading dock or if in the field set the wheel chocks to counter act the terrains grading.

Resources:
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=DIRECTIVES&p_id=1533
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/393.41
http://blog.uscargocontrol.com/wheel-chock-regulations-whats-required-and-whats-just-common-sense/ 
http://blog.uscargocontrol.com/basic-wheel-chock-use-and-safety-tips/

Visual Reason to Use Wheel Chocks:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IduTy9INMnw
 

A guest post from Wayne State College Student Tony Gibilisco
Storage and Handling of Compressed Gas Cylinders
 
How do I properly store compressed gas cylinders?
Cylinders should be stored in clearly identified locations, as well as in dry, well ventilated areas that aren’t exposed to heat or the sun. These areas should be out of the way of doorways, aisles, elevators, and stairs. There should be “NO SMOKING” signs in the areas. Cylinders should always be stored upright, no matter if they are full or empty, and they should be secured with a chain or non-conductive belt. The protective caps should always be on when in storage and the valves should always be closed. Oxygen and Fuel gas cylinders should be stored separately and should have a wall or barrier that has a minimum of a half-hour fire rating.
What not to do.
Cylinders should never be used as an electrical ground connection. Cylinders shouldn’t be fastened to a work table as they could become part of an electrical circuit. Do not strike an arc on a cylinder. Never use flames or boiling water to thaw a frozen valve, warm water is acceptable. Cylinders should never be placed or stored in unventilated enclosures such as lockers or cupboards. Cylinders should never be used as rollers or supports for anything. Never tamper with the safety devices. Cylinders should only be used to contain gas that the cylinder was designed to hold. Acetylene cylinders can never be in a horizontal position. Never accept a cylinder that is not properly labeled or marked. Do not angle the cylinder and roll to move them. Do not lift a cylinder by the valve cap, nor use rope or chains or lift with electromagnets. Never drag, slide, or drop a cylinder as it could become a missile. A cylinder should never strike another cylinder violently. Never try to refill a cylinder or try to mix gases in the cylinder.
What do I do with empty or unusable cylinders?
The cylinders should be marked empty or unusable. Return empty cylinders to the supplier. When a cylinder is not in use the regulators should be removed and the protective cap should be put on the cylinder. Keep cylinders and fittings from becoming contaminated with oil, grease or dust. A cylinder should always be labeled, and if it is not properly labeled, the cylinder should never be used.
How do I properly move the cylinders?
Always close cylinder valves. Remove regulators and always tighten the cap on the cylinder before moving. When moving a cylinder, always use a trolley and the cylinder should be chained to the trolley before moving the trolley.  If there is a leaky cylinder, call the supplier immediately and have them remove the cylinder. When cylinders are being transported by vehicle, they should be secured in an upright position.
When do I “crack” the cylinder?
Before attaching the regulator, clean the valve with a clean cloth. “Cracking” a cylinder refers to opening the valve slightly and closing it quickly to blow out dust or dirt from the valve outlet. Always use two hands when doing this and always stand to the side of the valve. Never stand over, in front, or behind the valve outlet. Never “crack” Fuel gas cylinders as it could ignite from friction, heating, or other ignition sources. Never “crack” hydrogen cylinders since the release of compressed hydrogen may ignite by itself.
 

A Guest Post from Wayne State College Student Travis Eller

Caution: Missing Fingers
 
 
            Quick, think of somebody who has lost a finger or was injured due to a table saw.  Many of those injuries are the result of misuse of the machine, or unsafe practices involved while using the machine.  There are many practices and procedures that can be implemented into a safety program to allow for safer use of table saws and, therefore, fewer injuries and lost time from work.  In addition to these practices, new technology has been invented and applied which has resulted in fewer injuries and lost fingers.

            An estimated 10 amputations happen each day from the use of table saws.  In addition, there are more than 40,000 table saw injuries every year.  These numbers can be reduced and even eliminated through the proper use and maintenance of these machines.  Table saws have guards in place to protect extremities and the face from accidental cuts or splinters flying around.  Before and after each use, a worker should check all guards to ensure they are in their proper place and working as designed.  By using another piece of wood or a molded plastic piece, an operator can safely move the wood through the cut while keeping his or her fingers away from the blade.  Wood that is being cut spins up saw dust and splinters, which can cause injury if correct personal protective equipment is not worn.  Safety glasses or a safety shield should be worn at all times to prevent facial and eye injuries.  Wood can also “kickback”, which means the blade catches the wood and flings it back at the worker.  Spectators should also keep at least three feet away on all sides of the machine.

            Advancements in technology have allowed for fewer potential injuries.  A company called Saw Stop has created technology that does not allow a blade to cut through a finger or other soft fleshy skin.  The blade on the machine detects if electricity can be conducted by the material it is cutting through, and if it senses a current, a trigger is applied resulting in the blade to fall into the table leaving the skin uncut and the finger fully functional.  Although slightly more expensive, the blade will not cut through an extremity and reduce blade injuries to zero. This advancement in table saw safety technology can help eliminate the amputation statistics caused by table saws.

            Table saws are effective tools that can be used to help create great projects.  By implementing new practices and safety programs, as well as investing in newer safety technology, businesses and people can work to eliminate injuries on the job site.
Websites for further information:
 
Table saw safety: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/woodworking/table_saws.html
 
Table saw safety: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSzOc6-UQEk&feature=youtu.be
 
Saw Stop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiYoBbEZwlk
 
Table saw safety tips:
            http://woodworking.about.com/od/safetyfirst/p/TwelveTableSawSafetyTips.htm

Guest Post from Wayne State College Student Tyler Holton -
 
Man Cage for Forklift Safety.
We will be focusing on what qualifies as a safe man cage and what precautions to look out for when raising it in the air. This can be a very safe process if done correctly. At all times, there should be at least two people present always in the proper PPE. One to be in the cage and one operating the machinery. The cage itself must have a railing all the way around it. This means a kick plate at least 3 inches tall at the bottom, a bar at 42 inches plus or minus 3, and a middle bar for a proper railing. This allows the worker to be safe inside the cage along with not being able to kick anything over the side at personnel below. The cage also should have a locking gate, this is a gate that will allow the worker to enter and exit only when they are safely on the ground. This allow for no accidental falls from high heights. The person also should wear a harness and strap himself off to the cage. The cage also should be attached and latched to the forklift so that in an event of tilting the forks, the cage does not fall off.

This brings me up to raising and lowering the cage. The cage should only be moved when both personnel are fully aware of the movement and all other personnel are a safe minimum distance of 20 feet. The basket should be raised when the forklift is level along with the forks being level. This helps prevent the forklift tipping along with dumping the personnel at the top. The driver of the forklift should keep eye contact on the worker in the cage and around the area to maximize safety. When the work is done then the personnel in the cage will signal the driver to lower him down. All movements are done slowly and carefully. If job requires the fork lift to move, there should be no personnel in the basket at any time during the movement process.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KV87_bL4kKk
 
http://www.nsc.org/learn/Safety-Training/Pages/Courses/forklift-training.aspx?gclid=COqbtIbv0NACFUs6gQodtUgOLQ
 
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9733

Guest Post from Wayne State College Student Tyler Thomsen

 
Fall hazards are one of the biggest concerns for OSHA and are one of the highest reasons for accidents and injuries on a construction worksite. Falls can occur almost anywhere on a job site, including on the roof or by a person tripping over an extension chord. OSHA outlined general fall protection requirements stating contractors and builders must use personal fall arrest systems, guardrails, or safety nets when a vertical drop is 6’ or higher on February 6, 1995. This forced employers to put the safety of their employees before anything else. Every once in a while some employers, and even employees will not follow this regulation mainly because they are too lazy or it takes too long to set up a safe workplace.
           
OSHA obviously takes fall protection very seriously and they are constantly reviewing and updating their policies to insure safety. OSHA has given each state an approved plan for employees and employers to operate by but each state has the option to use their own OSHA approved state plan. Their plan must be as effective as comparable to the Federal OSHA standards or higher. With ledges that have drop of 6 feet or more, employers need to install guardrails, safety nets or use personal fall arrest systems. Guardrails can either be temporary which is usually for construction or they can be permanent, usually for industrial work. For example, on new construction for a home, temporary guardrails will be used on stairs or any open ledges with a fall distance greater than 6 feet until walls or railing can be installed in the house. There are requirements for both construction and industry, and there is a great similarity between the two which require: “vertical height of 42 inches plus or minus 3 inches, Mid rail height of 21 inches, top rails must be capable of withstanding 200 pounds of pressure, mid rails capable of withstanding 150 pounds of pressure, and the rails and post diameters must be 1-1/2” or more.” Safety net systems might be used instead and they can be explained as a net that is hung over a large area to protect workers from falls. These nets will catch the worker, any large tool or large debris.

There are many regulations an employer must follow if they chose to use safety nets. Some of the more important regulations include: Safety nets cannot be more than 30 feet below the fall ledge, safety nets must have appropriate clearance to prevent contact with the surface or structures under them, safety nets must be inspected for wear, damage, and other deterioration at least once a week, and after any occurrence which could affect the integrity of the system, maximum mesh size must not exceed 6 inches by 6 inches, each safety net must have a border rope for webbing with a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. Safety nets are more ideal on big commercial construction projects or working at extreme heights. The most common used fall protection is personal fall arrest systems.  A personal fall arrest system is used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. Each part of a personal fall arrest system has its own regulations to follow.

Many times the nature and location of the work will dictate the form that fall protection takes. No matter what the employer uses, they are all very good ways to protect employees from falls. OSHA is constantly looking into improving the current fall protection systems and regulation and they are also finding new ways to protect employees.  Employers must do their part and plan ahead to get the job done safely, provide the right equipment, train everyone to use the equipment safely, and provide a clean a safe work site.

Guest post from Wayne State College Student: Tyrel Garner

General Information

Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring minerals that are resistant to heat and corrosion.  It contains the minerals chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite.  Some of the main uses for this mineral is in insulation for pipes, floor tiles and other building materials that need to be fire resistant.  Some of these materials are roofing and siding shingles, vinyl floor tiles, plaster, cement, putties, caulk, ceiling tiles and spray-on coatings.  Asbestos is a well-known health hazard and its use is highly regulated by both OSHA and the EPA. The most likely exposure is in the construction industry or in shipyards.  This mineral is especially dangerous because the fibers associated with the health risks cannot be seen with the naked eye.   Breathing asbestos can cause a buildup of scar tissue in the lungs that can then causes a loss of lung function that can progress to disability and even death.  The most commonly used form of asbestos, chrysotile, has been known to cause mesothelioma.  Mesothelioma is a cancer in which a fatal malignant tumor or the membrane lining the cavity of the lung or stomach (Safety and Health Topics https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos).

Regulatory Information

In July of 1989 the EPA banned the use of asbestos in all common building products and then they revised it in 1991.  After the revision the following materials are still banned: flooring felt, rollboard, and corrugated, commercial or specialty paper.  Along with banning these products it also banned the use of asbestos in products that were not typically known as containing asbestos.  

Sample Policy and Procedure

Regulations under the Clean Air Act specify work practices for asbestos to be followed during demolitions and renovations of all structures, installations, and buildings.  These regulations however exclude residential buildings that have four or fewer dwelling units.  The regulations require the owner of the building to notify the appropriate agency before any demolition, or before any renovations of buildings that may contain asbestos in any way. In order to remove asbestos you must be an asbestos professional. In order to be an asbestos professional you must go through a training program that is at least as stringent as the EPA Model Accreditation Plan.  For example if you are a homeowner and you notice a hole in your wall you should first seal off the room.  You should then notify an asbestos removal firm.  The room should remain sealed until the consultant arrives and figures the best way to attack the program.  You should avoid trying to remove the problem yourself without any kind of protection.  After the asbestos is removed you need to make sure that the asbestos waste is properly disposed of.  You are only allowed to remove asbestos if it is in a residential building with less than four dwelling units and you are the owner, otherwise it is a good decision to hire a professional firm that will remove the asbestos and take care of all of the waste.
Safety Training Materials/Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f7medwuIMA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_1xtqwfLrU

A Guest Post by Wayne State College Student Brandon Cowell

General Information
Grain elevators are made to handle large volumes of grain. The buildup of grain dust in the handling process is unavoidable. There have been over 500 grain dust explosions in the last 35 years in the United States. They have killed more than 180 and injured more than 675 people. There are four elements required for a grain dust explosion are the presence of dust, confinement and enclosure, oxygen, and an ignition source. Most of the time in a grain elevator, the first three of those are present. The grain dust comes from particles falling off of wheat, oats, barley, or other grains. It is confined because the silo walls trap it. Oxygen is always present in these structures. The last thing needed to cause the explosion is an ignition source. The ignition sources could be caused by static electricity. This becomes possible when the humidity becomes low. Dry environments cause static electricity to accumulate. Cutting, welding, brazing, and overheated motors are also common sources of ignition (Grain Handling https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/grainhandling/index.html). Other ignition sources could be mechanical friction caused by faulty moving parts. For example if you have a conveyor belt with bad bearings the friction in the bearing produces heat. It can be enough heat to cause a fire. That then becomes the ignition source. Keep in mind all moving parts or machines in the grain elevator have potential to malfunction. In large facilities the shockwave from a grain dust explosion can stir up dust in connected silos and combust also causing multiple explosions. This is called a secondary explosion.

Regulatory Information
As a result of many accidents over the years it is now an OSHA regulation for employers to practice good housekeeping and maintain a clean confined space to reduce the chances of grain dust explosions. The areas included under this regulation are: the inside of bucket elevators, floors of enclosed areas with grinding equipment, and floors of enclosed drying bins. The dust is to not exceed 1/8 inch of accumulation on floors, ledges, or on top of equipment. You are not to remove dust with compressed air unless all potential ignition sources are shut down (anything that can cause a spark or heat). The grain dust becomes suspended when air is used. If direct heat grain dryers are being used, they must be fitted with automatic controls to stop the fuel to it in case of a fire or explosions and must be located outside the structure or inside a one hour fire rated wall. On a leg casing the bearings should be installed externally to monitor heat to prevent them from becoming an ignition source. Both OSHA and The Federal Grain Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture have kept very accurate records on grain dust explosions. OSHA has made and enforces these regulations as a result of previous accidents. All of these regulations are made to either prevent a grain dust explosion, prevent secondary explosions, or cut off fuel to a fire after an explosion. To prevent grain dust explosions these regulations have been made to take out one of the factors needed to cause a grain dust explosion. Oxygen, fuel, confinement, and an ignition source are all needed to cause an explosion. These regulations prevent explosions by taking out either fuel, or ignition sources. All of these regulations and standards can be found with OSHA (General industry 29CFR1910 sub part G, 1910.94-Ventilation) (General Industry 29CFR1910 subpart D, 1910.22-Houskeeping) (General Industry 29CFR1910 subpart L, 1910.157-165- fire protection and subpart E, 1910.38-exit routes, emergency action plans, and fire prevention plans) (OSHA grain regulationshttps://www.osha.gov/dea/lookback/grainhandlingfinalreport.html#II)

Sample Policy and procedure
From past accidents we have learned how to prevent these explosions. The grain elevator industry has been very productive in not eliminating the potential explosions but limiting them. They have found the causes of the accidents and then applied solutions. Here are some of the solutions that have been discovered. If you put heat sensors on bearings and moving parts the workers will be warned of the hazard and the part can be fixed before it causes enough heat to ignite the grain dust. They have found it is best to monitor potential hazards before they ignite the dust. The technology used in modern elevators is so advanced that a computer system can shut down a machine if it is causing too much heat. Another solution they have found is preventative cleaning. Most grain elevators will shut down and clean when the grain dust becomes a potential hazard for an explosion. There has been a chemical developed that is applied to an explosion and immediately suppresses the explosion. The chemical is released into the elevator immediately when a sensor detects the hazard of an explosion. The sensor is measuring the pressure in the silo and when the pressure changes to a measurement that is typical with an explosion the chemical is shot in. (Westwego Grain Elevator Disaster https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcc6a0zmJ48) When grain elevators are built today they are spread out instead of building all the silos close to each other. The reason for this is to prevent secondary explosions. You will also not find the offices connected to the silos.
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Safety Training Materials/Videos
One of the most important steps for training employees is making sure they understand. They need to understand what combustible dust is, what causes explosions, how to prevent them, other hazards related to explosions, and what secondary explosions are. It is important that they know and understand the regulations and standards mentioned above. Employees should know the factors mentioned earlier that cause grain dust explosions. They should understand the importance of housekeeping. And most importantly they should be aware of how serious this danger is and the consequences that come with not using safe work practices. Please see videos (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XLSgspBYok) and (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUVnwUrja3s)

Guest Post from Wayne State College Student Bryan Lenz

General Information
Workplace violence is any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. It can affect and involve employees, clients, customers and visitors. Three to four workers are killed every day by workplace violence. Roughly one million are assaulted annually. It is the leading cause of death in the workplace among women and the second leading cause of death for men. Each year two million people are victims of workplace violence ranging from verbal threats to homicide.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiuWLkdUZ5o

Regulations
Under Section 5(a)(1) of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act 16 or the  general duty clause,  OSHA uses this clause to make employers take steps to reduce or eliminate “recognized” workplace hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. In a 1992 memorandum, OSHA interpreted this duty of employers to include, or at least not exclude, reducing or eliminating criminal acts of violence that are recognized in a particular employment arena as part of the nature of doing business. They also stated that criminal acts that could not be recognized or that were deemed uncharacteristic were exempt. An example of this in action is the Taxi Barrier Ordinances. This required a sheet of bullet proof glass to be installed between the driver and his/her customer. Several cities enacted this ordnance and r4ecorded the results (Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Baltimore, Boston, Albany (New York), and Oakland (California)).Baltimore took recorded instances of assault in the 12 months prior to the glass installation and 12 months after in 1996. Assaults on taxi drivers decreased 56%. It is figured that a cab driver with the barriers is 5 times less likely to be assaulted than a cab driver in 1991 without one.

Sample policy and procedure
A sample company statement from Corporate Alliance to End Partner Violence
(Company Name) strictly prohibits use of violence or threats of violence in the workplace and views such actions very seriously. The possession of weapons in the workplace, threats, threatening or menacing behavior, stalking, or acts of violence against employees, visitors, guests, or other individuals by anyone on (Company Name) property will not be tolerated. Violations of this policy will lead to disciplinary actions up to and including termination of employment and the involvement of appropriate law enforcement authorities as needed.
Any person who makes substantial threats, exhibits threatening behavior, or engages in violent acts on (Company Name) premises shall be removed from the property as quickly as safety permits, and may be asked to remain away from (Company Name) premises pending the outcome of an investigation into the incident. People who commit these acts outside the workplace but which impact the workplace are also violating this policy and will be dealt with appropriately. (Company Name) reserves the right to respond to any actual or perceived acts of violence in a manner we see fit according to the particular facts and circumstances.
When threatening behavior is exhibited or acts of violence are committed, (Company Name) will initiate an appropriate response. This response may include, but is not limited to, evaluation by (Company Name) Employee Assistance Professionals and/or external professionals, suspension and/or termination of any business relationship, reassignment of job duties, suspension or termination of employment, and/or criminal prosecution of the person/persons involved.
No existing (Company Name) policy, practice, or procedure should be interpreted to prohibit decisions designed to prevent a threat from being carried out, a violent act from occurring, or a life-threatening situation from developing.
According to Corporate Alliance to End Partner Violence, these are some tips for employers and employees.

Employee

• Encourage the employee to save any threatening e-mail or voice-mail messages. These can potentially be used for future legal action, or can serve as evidence that an existing restraining order was violated.
• The employee should obtain a restraining order that includes the workplace, and keep a copy on hand at all times. The employee may consider providing a copy to the police, his/her supervisor, security, or human resources [or appropriate individuals/departments within your company].
• The employee should provide a picture of the perpetrator to reception areas and/or security.
• The employee should identify an emergency contact person should the employer be unable to contact the victim.
• If an absence is deemed appropriate, the employee should be clear about the plan to return to work. While absent, the employee should maintain contact with the appropriate Human Resources personnel

Employer

• Arrange the victim to have priority parking near the building.
• Have calls screened, transferring harassing calls to security-or have the employee’s name removed from automated phone directories.
• Limit information about employees disclosed by phone. Information that would help locate a victim or indicates a time of return should not be provided.
• Relocate the employee’s workspace to a more secure area or another site.
• The employer should have trained EAP professionals or external professionals assist the employee with development of a safety plan.
•  Work with local law enforcement personnel, and encourage employees to do so regarding situations outside the workplace.

Safety training videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr45zr9IXcs

“Safety Pays. Falls Cost” is the motto for the 2016 National Safety Stand-Down to Prevent Falls in Construction. http://stopconstructionfalls.com/ The National Safety Stand-Down is a collaboration between OSHA, NIOSH, DOL, National Safety Council, many other governmental agencies, Industry partners, and Associations to bring attention to resources to assist in Fall Prevention measures.
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Watch this testimonial about a construction company that holds their employees responsible for their safety and how that attitude towards safety saves lives- in Isidro’s words “…You will never see me on a site untied. I say this because we all have family. So protect yourself”: